The formatting may be strange from converting on google docs
https://docs.google.com/open?id=0B0RgfrfwviNwbE5QQmdDTU9mMVE
Monday, June 25, 2012
Economic development - Google Docs
Here is a booklet though some of the formatting is strange because I had to convert it into this format
https://docs.google.com/open?id=0B0RgfrfwviNwLWpOMkZkTjFfUE0
https://docs.google.com/open?id=0B0RgfrfwviNwLWpOMkZkTjFfUE0
Competition for land *AS*
(Sorry I can't put pics up of the bid rent theory diagram, but it's simple to find)
·
There
are numerous theory’s related to locational rent. Though the main assumption is
the highest bidder will obtain the land. It is also assumed the highest bidder
is the one that can obtain the most profit from the site.
·
Land
competition is highest at the CBD, mainly because it’s accessibility and the
shortage of space.
·
Businesses
such as shops conduct business using a relatively small amount of ground space
and due to the high rates of sales and turnover they can bid a high price for
land (they use the land intensively). Usually offices are built in high rises
above ground level shops.
·
The
Peak Land Value Intersection (PLVI): The most valuable site in the CBD.
·
Retailers
compete with offices – which rely upon good transport systems and proximity to
other commercial buildings
Urban trends and the issue of urbanisation
Urban
trends and issues of urbanisation
Urbanisation:
The process by which an increasing proportion (%) of the
total population of a country lives in towns and cities.
Counter-urbanisation:
The process of moving from an urban environment to a rural
environment.
Gentrification:
Where old substandard housing is bought, modernised and
occupied by wealthy families.
Counter-Urbanisation
in Sydney Australia
·
Many leave due to congestion,
crumbling infrastructure, expensive real estate prices and soaring rent prices.
·
25% of Sydney residents are
looking to leave
·
In New South Wales government
created a $3.75 million campaign to lure Sydney residents to ‘Evocities’ such
as Bathurst and Orange. The campaign included billboards along congested city
roads.
·
The current population of Sydney
is 4.5 million and is expected to reach 5.7 million by 2030.
·
A June 2020 survey said 50% of
people needed an annual income $100,000 to live comfortably in Sydney. Only 15%
of those surveyed had such an income.
·
In 2010 Sydney was one of the
least affordable cities to live in the world.
·
Sydney’s annual house price in
June 2010 was $700,000 compared to Evocity prices of $300,000.
·
60% of those that pay rent in
Sydney pay over $350 per month – in Evocities only 20% pay this.
·
Evocities are said to have good
education, healthcare, transport and opportunities for new businesses.
·
On average a Sydney resident
only has 10% of their income left to spend on leisure – In Evocities it’s 25%.
·
A Large Evocity (Wagga Wagga)
has around 58,000 people
Residential segregation *AS*
Residential
segregation is separation of settlements on the basis of wealth, age and/ or
ethnicity. Usually the poorest are attracted to cheaper areas and the
wealthiest to new or well-preserved areas.
Explanation:
·
Usually divisions occur when
less well off people are attracted to cheaper areas and wealthier people to
newer cleaner areas that they can afford.
·
Social tensions may arise due to
stark differences in lifestyle, religion or preferences.
·
Migrants and ethnic groups move
to areas of existing communities and support networks.
·
Some may move to a particular
area for a school zone. People that are successful may try to get their
children into a better school.
·
Physical barriers may segregate
e.g. hills or railways
Positive
Impacts:
·
Different Migrants = new skills
·
Housing boom
·
Possible increase in tolerance
·
Segregation enables the
celebration of difference
·
Segregation allows resistance to
external threats
Negative
Impacts:
·
Renting shortages
·
Racial conflict may arise
·
Increased intolerance may occur
·
Outcome of inequality
·
Leads to misunderstanding and
mistrust
·
Leads to stereotyping
Statistics:
·
In the 2006 census mostly
Europeans lived in Howick (77.6%) with the minority being pacific islanders at
2.3%.
·
In the 2006 census mostly
pacific islanders lived in Clendon (52.4%) with the minority being African/Latin
and middle eastern decent (1.1%)
·
In the 2006 census mostly
Europeans lived in Glenfield (52.5%) with the minority being African/Latin and
middle eastern decent (2.3%).
·
The highest Asian population is
in Mt. Roskill (40%)
·
37% of Aucklanders are born
overseas
·
Auckland has the 6th
highest rate of ethnic diversity in the world
A study on rural settlements - Rural decline in New Zealand
A
case study of rural settlement: Ohura, New Zealand
·
Ohuru is in King Country near
Taumarunui
·
Population 150
·
Between 2005-2006 the population
declined 3.5%
·
It has a cosmopolitan club and a
school
·
Coal mine closed (though another
may open with resource content)
·
Prison shut down and is now a
backpackers
·
Dairy shut down after prison
closed as it struggled to make ends meet
·
Jobs lost at mine after it was
closed by the government
·
About 12 left at the primary
school
2001:
·
Male bias from prison
·
20.3% are under 15
·
5.1% are over 65
·
25% have a post high school
qualification
·
Mostly Maori and European
·
Median income of $10900
·
Unemployment rate 14.3%
·
42 families
·
73% have access to telephones
·
Average weekly rent payment in
$60
2006:
·
Decrease of 57 people
·
Female to male ratio about equal
·
Percentage of European increases
·
Only 4% are from overseas
·
Unemployment rate down to 9.1%
·
Average income rose to $11500
·
Access to telephones dropped to
72%
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