AS: Heaves

Heaves

-       Slowest

-       Effects and movement – imperceptible and hardly visible

-       Most widespread – most occurring

-       Associated with relatively fine materials e.g. silt, unconsolidated material

Frost Heaves

-       Occurs at high lats. And altitudes in mid lats.

-       Water freezes during winter and produces a lens of ice beneath the particles because the particles conduct the cold. The cold, ice expands by 9% and pushes outwards.

Soil Creep

-       Mass movement process

-       Occurs on slopes of about 5⁰ and produces terracettes

-       The impact on the slope can be direct (microfeatures include terracettes (tiny ripples under the grass due to a accumulation of soil in very small ridges)).

-       The impact can be indirect where fences can break, bases of trees can turn downwards, telegraph pole tilt, cracks can form in the road and soil can accumulate behind walls.

-       Can cause a down slope breaking of bed rock or a rock outcrop.